On Components of a Fire Fighting System

-
Dry Riser
  • A riser that is usually dry, but could be filled with water pumped in from a fire truck when required to fight fire
  • The riser connects to a landing valve on each floor
  • In Singapore, this usually applies to buildings between 10m - 60m in habitable height, and any basements

Wet Riser:
  • A riser that is always kept full of water to fight fire. Usually required for high rise buildings in which the floors are too high for the fire brigade to pump water up efficiently when necessary
  • The riser connects to a landing valve on each floor
  • In Singapore, this usually applies to buildings exceeding 60m in habitable height

Breeching Inlet:
  • A breeching inlet is a connection point that feeds water from a fire truck up into a dry riser
  • It is usually located on the ground floor; when not on the ground floor, it is on the main floor accessible by the fire truck

Hydrant:

  • A valve point on the ground floor where fire trucks and fire men could tap water from


Landing Valve:

  • A valve point for each of the floors above the hydrant floor where fire men could tap water from the riser


Fire Hose:
  • A set of pipes that are folded flat and rolled up
  • When required, they are connected to the landing valve to get water to fight fire
  • In Singapore, used by fire fighters

Hose Reels:
  • A set of pipes that are cylindrical and rolled around a reel
  • Connected to water supply and require a valve to be turned on before usage
  • In Singapore, used by non-fire fighters


Other associated items in the fire fighting system:
  • Fire alarm system
  • Sprinkler
  • Fire extinguishers
  • Fire lifts and fire escape staircases

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

On "Flush Valve" vs. "Cistern"

-
When preparing sanitary ware for specifications and drawings, we often come across terms like "flush valve" and "cistern", which are different types of flushing systems for WC and urinals. Here's a general breakdown of their differences: Flush Valves Commonly used in non-residential projects, where there are higher volumes of water needed and more flushes per day Does not require a small water tank for each WC/urinal that you see either hanging from the wall or as a part of the WC at the bank (Commonly where they hide guns and important objects in old movies) Will not have a delayed flush after each flush, as water from sanitary pipes flow directly into the WC/urinal for flushing Usually concealed in the wall behind the WC/urinal, and would require a space of 200-300mm; could be serviced from the top (where the pipe space behind it is not full height, and looks like a ledge where you can put stuff on) and from the back (if there is a corridor between two ...
Read more

On Floor Trap and Floor Waste

-
When examining the discharge outlets in toilet and shower areas, we may come across 2 different types of floor discharge symbols - FT for floor trap and FW for floor waste Floor Trap Has a grating to catch the first layer of dirt and debris Has a "trap", like a S or P bend, that traps dirt and debris before getting connected to a sanitary stack Requires deeper depth for this bend, usually below the soffit of the slab Usually for dirtier regions Floor Waste Has a grating to catch the first layer of dirt and debris Does not have a trap right underneath it, and may connect directly to the sanitary stack Requires less depth since there is not bend, and can sometimes be embedded in a floor slab directly Usually for showers and other areas with less debris Needs to be connected to a floor trap eventually; usually, only up to 2 floor wastes are connected to 1 floor trap
Read more

On "Cold Joint"

-
Cold joint is a specific word used to describe a process in concrete casting. In standard conditions, a piece of concrete needs to be cast in one shot in order to ensure its cohesive strength, however, when it is cast in a few batches where the time between each batch is too long, it will cause "cold joint", which is a phenomenon in which the two separate batches do not join together well and result in a "layered" look between the two pieces. This affects the strength of the casted concrete and is to be avoided whenever possible. Nevertheless, different storeys and sections of a building are usually "cold joined". In these cases, various measures needs to be taken to ensure the integrity of the joint pieces. For example, ribars are to connect between the joints, edges are to be roughened to improve connectivity and bonding agents are used.
Read more