Learning to be Architect

When preparing the foundation of a building at a place near water bodies or in a location simply with more water, there are cases where we encounter a high water table. The water table is the level below ground at which the ground is saturated with water. When dug to this point, ground water will appear around the soil and is not a desirable condition for keeping foundations stable. When building close to a water body, the water table will also change with the time of the day. At high tide, the water table will be higher than at lower tide. Sometimes, this is useful when planning the construction work load in order to avoid digging too much when the water table is high. Additionally, a pump is necessary to pump out the extra water so excavation works can continue in a safe manner. For architects, this high water table is a concern when building underground basements as well as any sort of semi-sub subterranean structures such as lift and escalator pits. Proper waterproofing material...

There was a time when it was pretty confusing to understand all the different types of pipes that are involved with a Mechanical Engineer's works, so here's a simple breakdown of some involving liquid elements: Plumbing Pipes Deals with fresh water supplied to the development Supplies to water points such as taps, shower heads, WC, etc. Could be running two separate lines because of different types of water used, for example: In Singapore: Between fresh water pipes and NEWater pipes; NEWater is used for non-potable uses such as AC system and toilet flushing (to score on Green Mark points, it is recommended to use NEWater for non-potable sources if it is available for your development) In Hong Kong: Between fresh water pipes and sea water pipes. Similarly, sea water is used for non potable uses such as toilet flushing For small developments, pipes are connected directly from the main public water line, this is for low rise buildings where the water pressure from PUB i...